INDIVIDUAL EXAMINATIONS, Page 14

The β-CrossLaps (CTx) test measures the level of C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen in the blood, which serves as a marker of bone resorption.

Osteocalcin is a bone-bound protein synthesized by osteoblasts during the bone formation process. Its measurement in blood is used to assess bone metabolism, particularly the...

P1NP (Procollagen Type 1 N-Terminal Propeptide) is a bone formation marker produced during the synthesis of Type I collagen, the primary component of bone mass....

The protein electrophoresis test (ELFO) is a laboratory method used to separate proteins in blood or urine based on their size and electric charge.

The IgG1–IgG4 test measures the levels of four IgG antibody subclasses in the blood.

The C3 complement test measures the level of C3, which is a component of the immune system.

The C4 complement test measures the level of the C4 component, which is part of the complement system in the immune response.

Eosinophilic Cationic Protein (ECP) is a protein released by eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, during inflammatory reactions, particularly in cases of allergies and...

ANCA testing (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) is used for the diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases.

This blood test detects antibodies against Proteinase 3 (PR3), an enzyme found in neutrophils.

This blood test detects antibodies against myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme found in neutrophils.

The a-GBM (anti-glomerular basement membrane) test is a blood test that detects antibodies against the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), a component of the kidney's filtering...